"climate-related Travel Disruptions: How Insurance Can Help Australian Travelers"

 "climate-related Travel Disruptions: How Insurance Can Help Australian Travelers" - Climate change is the single greatest health threat facing humanity, and health professionals around the world are already responding to the health dangers posed by this ongoing crisis.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that to avoid major health impacts and prevent millions of climate change-related deaths, the world must limit temperature increases to 1.5°C. Past emissions have caused global temperature increases to a certain extent and other changes to the climate are inevitable. However, global warming of even 1.5°C is not considered safe; every additional tenth of a degree of warming will have a serious impact on people's lives and health.

"climate-related Travel Disruptions: How Insurance Can Help Australian Travelers"

Although no one is safe from these risks, people feel that the health harmed first and worst by the climate crisis are those who contributed the least to its causes, and are least able to protect themselves and their families from it - low-income people and countries and disadvantaged communities.

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The climate crisis threatens to undo the last fifty years of progress in development, global health, and poverty reduction, and to further widen existing health inequalities between and within populations. It significantly undermines the realization of universal health coverage (UHC) in many ways - including by increasing the existing burden of disease and by exacerbating existing barriers to accessing health services, often at the time of greatest need. More than 930 million people - around 12% of the world's population - spend at least 10% of their household budget on healthcare. With a large proportion of the poorest population uninsured, health shocks and stresses are now pushing an estimated 100 million people into poverty each year, with the effects of climate change exacerbating this trend.

Climate change has impacted health in many ways, including by leading to death and disease from increasingly frequent extreme weather events, such as heat waves, storms and floods, disruption of food systems, increased zoonoses and food, water and vector-borne diseases, and mental health issues. Furthermore, climate change affects many social determinants of good health, such as livelihoods, equality and access to health care and social support structures. These climate-sensitive health risks are felt disproportionately by the most vulnerable and disadvantaged, including women, children, ethnic minorities, poor communities, migrants or displaced people, older populations and those with underlying health conditions. underlying.

Overview of climate-sensitive health risks, exposure pathways and vulnerability factors. Climate change affects health directly and indirectly, and is strongly mediated by environmental, social and public health determinants.

While it is clear that climate change is impacting human health, it remains challenging to accurately estimate the scale and impact of many climate-sensitive health risks. However, scientific progress is progressively allowing us to attribute increased morbidity and mortality to human-induced warming, and to more accurately determine the risk and scale of this health threat.

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In the short to medium term, the health impacts of climate change will be determined primarily by population vulnerability, their resilience to the current rate of climate change and the extent and rate of adaptation. In the long term, the impact will increasingly depend on the extent to which transformational action is taken now to reduce emissions and avoid breaches of dangerous temperature thresholds and potential irreversible tipping points. Pharmaceutical supply chain operators have multiple factors they must consider as global temperature changes and severe weather events rapidly change. Credit: Tumisu via Pixabay.

The pharmaceutical supply chain is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and faces many challenges from sourcing to distribution. Whether it's soaring temperatures, extreme cold or devastating floods, pharmaceutical logistics providers must ensure shipments reach their destination in the intended condition without defects or delays.

As witnessed during the Covid-19 pandemic, when supply chains are disrupted, getting supplies and treatment to patients becomes a major issue. Reaching patients can be difficult if roads are washed away, ships can't leave port or planes can't take off due to unpredictable weather conditions. And delays in the supply chain, even for short periods of time can affect the effectiveness of medicines, lead to long-term supply bottlenecks, and ultimately prevent people from getting access to the critical medicines they need.

In addition, climate change has a direct impact on population health - and in turn pharmaceutical demand. Wildfires, floods, landslides and droughts, often in places unaccustomed to such extreme weather events, cause global changes in public health issues and can quickly lead to humanitarian crises. Flooding can quickly lead to outbreaks of waterborne diseases, and rising temperatures can increase the spread of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria.

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Other factors such as food insecurity and the energy crisis can exacerbate existing medical conditions, along with the effects of poor air quality and mold on respiratory health. Pharmaceutical companies need to be prepared to respond to the call to increase demand and supply to new markets, ensuring that the right resources and logistics framework are in place.

A recent study presented at COP27, found that only 4% of biotech and pharmaceutical companies are currently on track to meet the Paris 2030 climate goals, with the pharmaceutical industry being among the world's biggest carbon emitters. Additionally, a paper published in 2019 concluded that the pharmaceutical industry produces 48.55 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) for every $1 million it generates, higher than the automotive industry during the same period.

Consumers are taking note of these metrics, and there is demand for action from pharmacies. In a 2021 GlobalData poll

, environmental issues are seen as the most important area that pharmacies need to address, according to 43% of respondents. And in the same poll, respondents said they believed climate change was the most pressing issue (52%), followed by pollution (32%).

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There are currently many initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions in the pharmaceutical industry. For example, since the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients for small molecule drugs depends on chemicals derived from fossil fuels, replacing them with synthetic biology based on chemical processes seen in nature, such as microbial enzymes, or fermentation-based methods, can significantly reduce . energy-intensive chemical synthesis of raw materials.

Reducing the use of single-use shipping solutions and choosing the right size and weight of packaging materials will be significant benefits. Tanner Pharma Group is investigating how it can introduce reusable shipping solutions to its global operations, to reduce its environmental impact.

While using renewable energy for manufacturing will help with green credentials, some manufacturers are also considering sustainable manufacturing. This is a more efficient alternative to batch manufacturing, combining multiple stages of production into one continuous production line. Additionally, powering storage facilities with renewable energy can further reduce carbon emissions

Just-in-time delivery is essential for pharmaceuticals, and temperature-controlled transport and storage capabilities must be successfully managed with product-specific compliance, as well as delivery of drugs and materials to the right place, in the right conditions. Problems caused by floods, landslides and storm damage to roads and infrastructure all lead to major disruptions in supply chains.

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Pharmaceutical manufacturing can also be affected by extreme weather events, such as storms. According to Pharmaphorum, when Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico in 2017, more than 500 medical product facilities – producing 10% of all drugs used in the US – were affected or damaged. The following year, pharmaceutical production at several US sites used by Pfizer, Merck, and Novartis in the southeastern US stopped as Hurricane Florence approached.

Lessons learned from the global pandemic can be implemented when faced with air transport disruptions or manufacturing shortages, by examining airport selection, routes and schedules, for solutions, as well as closely monitoring warehouse space using tracking data.

Filtering of cargo routes can lead to less robust airline use of smaller regional airports, closer to the final destination. While using high-capacity aircraft and minimal packaging reduces weight and increases capacity for important products by using fewer flights. Furthermore, having local knowledge at the terminal about available cargo space ensures efficiency and allows aircraft to carry as much product as possible.

Tanner Pharma Group distributes pharmaceutical products to and from more than 125 countries worldwide and uses its extensive experience in logistics to identify potential issues early. Strong relationships with international operators are essential when planning for supply chain disruptions and Tanner has a network of trusted local partners, couriers and transport agents.

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To learn more about how Tanner is adapting to changes in the clinical trial supply chain and embracing technological innovation, download this white paper. When it comes to flying, the green may be against you. And it will take some time for that strategy to kick in. Sustainability was a hot topic this week at the Paris Air Show, the world's largest event for the aviation industry, which faces increasing pressure to reduce climate-changing greenhouse gases spewed out by aircraft.

Even the massive orders at the show got an emissions-reduction spin: Airlines and manufacturers say the new planes will be more fuel-efficient than the ones they replace.

But most of those planes will burn kerosene-based conventional jet fuel. Beginners are working diligently on electric-powered aircraft, but they won't catch on as quickly as electric vehicles.

“It is easier to

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